If you have lost or forgotten your National Insurance number there are a number of ways to locate it. Firstly, you could try and locate the number on paperwork such as your tax return, payslip or P60. You can also use your personal tax account or the HMRC App to find your National Insurance number.

If your National Insurance number still cannot be found a request can be submitted in writing to HMRC using form CA5403 or by telephone. HMRC will not disclose your number over the telephone and will instead send the details by post to the address HMRC has for you on file. The details should arrive within 15 days.

Teenagers should automatically be sent a letter just before their 16th birthday detailing their National Insurance number. These letters should be kept in a safe place. The previously issued plastic National Insurance cards are no longer available.

The National Insurance number helpline can help those aged between 16 and 20 who have not received a letter with details of their National Insurance number as well as other new applicants.

An individual must have the right to work or study in the UK in order to apply for a National Insurance number.

Employees with more than one job may be able to defer or delay paying Class 1 National Insurance in certain circumstances.

This deferment can be considered when any of the following apply:

• You pay Class 1 National Insurance with more than one employer.
• You earn £967 or more per week from one job over the tax year.
• You earn £1,209 or more per week from 2 jobs over the tax year.

This deferral could result in NIC deductions at a reduced rate of 2% on your weekly earnings between £242 and £967 in one of your jobs, instead of the standard rate of 8%.

HMRC will check if you have paid enough National Insurance at the end of the tax year and will write to you if you have underpaid contributions.

Most self-employed people are also required to pay Class 4 NICs. It used to be possible to defer these contributions, but that is no longer the case. You may be able to claim a refund for previous tax years.

There is an online service available on HMRC to check your National Insurance Contributions (NIC) record online. The service is available at https://www.gov.uk/check-national-insurance-record

In order to use this service, you will need to have a Government Gateway account. If you do not have an account, you can apply to set one up online.

By signing in to the 'Check your National Insurance record' service you will also activate your personal tax account if you have not previously done so. HMRC’s personal tax account can be used to complete a variety of tasks in real time such as claiming a tax refund, updating your address and completing your self-assessment return.

Your National Insurance record online will let you see:

• What you have paid, up to the start of the current tax year (6 April 2024).
• Any National Insurance credits you have received.
• If gaps in contributions or credits mean some years do not count towards your State Pension (they are not 'qualifying years').
• If you can pay voluntary contributions to fill any gaps and how much this will cost.

In some circumstances it may be beneficial, after reviewing your records, to make voluntary NIC contributions to fill gaps in your contributions record to increase your entitlement to benefits, including the State or New State Pension. If you would like to discuss this further, please call.

Most self-employed people are required to pay Class 4 National Insurance contributions (NICs) if their profits are £12,570 or more a year.

Class 4 NIC rates for the tax year 2024-25 are 6% (2023-24: 9%) for chargeable profits between £12,570 and £50,270 plus 2% on any profits over £50,270.

A number of categories of people are exempt from paying Class 4 NICs, these include:

• People under the age of 16 at the beginning of the year of assessment.
• People over State pension age at the beginning of the year of assessment. A person who attains State pension age during the course of the year of assessment remains liable for Class 4 NICs for the whole of that year.
• Trustees, guardians etc of an incapacitated person are exempted from Class 4 NICs on that income.

The Class 4 NIC rate is lower than the corresponding rate for employees who pay National Insurance at 8% on the same income levels. Both the employed and self-employed pay 2% National Insurance contributions on income above the higher rate threshold.

Carer’s credit is a National Insurance credit that can help carers to fill gaps in their National Insurance record. Carers who don’t qualify for Carer’s Allowance may qualify for Carer’s Credit. This may also help carers increase their State Pension entitlement.

The Carer’s Credit is available to qualifying applicants caring for one or more people for at least 20 hours per week. A carer’s income, savings or investments do not affect their eligibility for Carer’s Credit. The carer must also be aged 16 or over and under the State Pension age to qualify.

The person the carer is looking after must usually receive one of the following benefits:

• Personal Independence Payment – daily living component
• Disability Living Allowance – the middle or highest care rate
• Attendance Allowance
• Constant Attendance Allowance at or above the normal maximum rate with an Industrial Injuries Disablement Benefit
• Constant Attendance Allowance at the basic (full day) rate with a War Disablement Pension
• Armed Forces Independence Payment
• Child Disability Payment – the middle or highest care rate
• Adult Disability Payment – daily living component at the standard or enhanced rate

If the person being cared for is not receiving one of the qualifying benefits, the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) will consider whether the level of care provided is appropriate to still qualify for Carer's Credit. The DWP will usually consider the level of care as appropriate if there is a signed care certificate confirming this from a health or social care professional.